Gas injection technology into liquids using nano-bubbles:
- Enhances the activity of dissolved gases operating in the liquid medium.
- Low energy consumption enables energy efficiency and reduction of carbon emissions.
- The system replaces the use of chemicals in water, wastewater, and effluent treatment applications.
- Operating the system with oxidizing gases does not produce harmful by-products.
- The tiny bubbles retain their size and do not float or merge, remaining in the liquid until complete gas dissolution.
- Nano-bubbles introduced into water create a larger contact surface area between gas and water compared to regular bubbles. This increased surface area significantly improves mass transfer between the two phases.
- Ozone is used as a pre-treatment to break down complex carbon chains, thereby increasing the biodegradability of the organic matter by biological activity — breaking COD to BOD.
- The system is modular, easy to operate, and requires only periodic maintenance.
When oxygen or other gas levels in the liquid drop, the nano-bubbles begin releasing the trapped oxygen, ensuring continuous supply. Their tiny size increases their retention time in the liquid; the smaller the bubble, the more its movement is influenced by forces stronger than buoyancy, causing it to disperse in all directions rather than float upward.
This phenomenon is related to high zeta potential, which prevents bubble coalescence due to electrostatic repulsion. Conditions such as pH, temperature, and ionic strength also affect nano-bubble stability, thereby improving gas transfer efficiency in water.
One of the main issues in conventional ozonation (diffusion) oxidation processes is the short residence time and rapid decay of ozone dissolved in water.
With nano-bubbles, residence time in water is significantly improved, and the half-life of dissolved ozone in nanometric bubbles is 23 times longer than in fine bubbles.
Using this technology enhances biological treatment processes, effluent polishing, disinfection, and odor neutralization — all with minimal maintenance, no need for chemicals or hazardous material permits, and low energy consumption.
The system is proven effective for the treatment of:
- Polishing of secondary effluent reservoirs
- Disinfection of tertiary effluent (coliform removal)
- Elimination of mould and fungi
- Improved filtration capacity
- Improved agricultural yield
- Micropollutant degradation
- Sludge digestion and oxidation
- Degradation of complex COD chains
- Increased methane production
- Breakdown of persistent polyphenols
- Odor neutralization (sulphides and methane)
Field Examples of PMnB Nano-Bubble Solution Implementation:
Application of PMnB system (nano-bubbles with ozone gas) in a 500 m³ effluent reservoir, previously disqualified for irrigation by the Ministry of Health.
After installation and system activation, immediate improvement was observed, and test results demonstrated treatment effectiveness.
Irrigation approval was granted within 3 weeks of installation.
Another example: A 140 m³ reservoir with very high organic load and severe odor issues caused by anaerobic conditions and sulphide development.
To oxidize the reservoir, 8 aerators with a total power of ~200 HP were required, but only 25 HP of electrical connection was available.
A single nano-bubble ozone system was installed, and within a week, odor sources were completely oxidized.
Subsequently, the reservoir was stabilized at 2–3 ppm dissolved oxygen at depth, without using chemicals.
Municipal WWTP treatment process:
Disinfection improved to the point of removing 3 orders of magnitude of E. coli bacteria and reducing chlorine dosage by ~50% using ozone nano-bubbles.
In an industrial SBR WWTP pilot with difficult-to-treat wastewater, oxygen-enriched nano-bubbles were used to demonstrate significant effluent polishing alongside considerable energy savings.